Key Concepts

Globalization and technological change generate new forms of geopolitical and economic risk by increasing interconnectedness and exposure to disruptions across systems.

Advances in technology create emerging threats to individuals, businesses, and states by reshaping issues of security, privacy, and economic control.

Global interactions challenge state sovereignty, as transnational actors and flows reduce governments' ability to regulate economic activity and maintain political authority.

Environmental risks arise from global flows of goods, people, and capital, which transfer environmental impacts across borders and scales.

Responses to global risks focus on building resilience through technological innovation, policy adaptation, and collective action, though their effectiveness varies according to capacity and priorities.